Diversité
Dans ce chapitre je vais vous présenter les variétés de rosiers .
Grimpant ou tige , rose thé ou rose ancienne, Madame Antoine Mailland ou Gloria Dei , nous allons tout apprendre sur la diversité des roses.
Alors que jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle, on ne connaissait que les 'roses anciennes' , la période suivante vit arriver les ' roses modernes ' aux couleurs et aux formes variées que nous connaissons encore de nos jours.Par la suite la 'rose du Bengale' (Rosa chinensis semperflorens)fut introduite en Europe, probablement en 1781,où elle servit à rtenforcer les plants cultivés.Elle apportait le caractère remontant (floraisons succesives dans l'année) , une couleur d'un rouge éclatant et des plants de plus petite taille. C'est de son croisement avec d 'autres plants que l'on a tiré les rosiers ornementaux et les rosiers arbustifs.C'est d'elle également que proviennent les célèbres 'roses thé' , ces roses au parfum prononcé et aux fleurs doubles qui présentent des couleurs rose , jaune et blanche incroyables et qui provoqent l'enthousiasme des amateurs.Elles furent d'abord importées de Chine puis cultivées en Europe ,où les sélections permirent de créer dinnombrables variétés.
Depuis cette époque , la culture des rosiers connut une activité fulgurante. On pense à la variété mondialement célèbre GLORIA DEI, qui s'appelle ausssi symboliquement PEACE (paix) aux états-Unis et en Angleterre , et MADAME ANTOINE MEILLAND en France. Le sélectionneur français commença à la proposer à la vente en 1945 et , depuis , elle s'est vendue à des millions d'exemplaires de par le monde .
La culture des rosiers
La plupart des rosiers sauvages ont été crées par la nature avec ce qu'elle a d'impondérable. C'est pour cela qu'ils sont inégalement répartis dans le monde et,expliquent les botanistes,c'est également pour cette raison qu'il en existe un nombre aussi élevé de variétés.La grande adaptabilité de cette plante s'avère très utile lorsqu'on veut cultiver des rosiers et les sélectionner .
Alors que les rosiers sauvages ne produisent que des fleurs simples,les diverses variétés de rosiers de jardin sélectionnés présentent des types de fleurs différents.
- Les roses simples: présentent 5 pétales (plus rarement 4) et le même nombre de pistils et d'étamines;elles peuvent donner naissance à des fruits
- Les roses semi-doubles présentent entre 10 et 20 pétales et leurs pistils sont encore bien visibles;elles aussi produisent des fruitsà l'auomne
- Les roses doubles présentent entre 20 et 40 pétales et leurs étamines et pistils ne fonctionnent plus. Elle neproduisent pas de fruits.
- Les roses très doubles ont encore plus de pétales (parfois plus de 100) et beaucoup de ces variétés sont si touffues que leurs pétales s 'organisent en quartiers
Le fait que plus les roses soient touffues et qu'elles n'aient plus (ou moins) de pistils et d'étamines, et donc quelles ne peuvent se reproduire , n 'est pas un hasard . La disparition des étamines et du pistil au profit des pétales est un phénomène naturel.
Les rosiers n'ont pas d'épines mais des aiguillons. Ce n' est pas la même chose : les aiguillons sont faciles à casser pour les retirer, ce sont juste des amas cellulaires peu adhérents, alors que les épines,comme cells de l'aubépine sont des organes à part entière de la tige. Bien sur personne ne choisit les rosiers en fonction des aiguillons. Ce pendant la grande variété de leurs formes est un carectère intéressant des rosiers, cela va des filaments fins aux ailettes des roses thé.
Rose simple (5pétales)
Rose semi double (10 à 20 pétales)
Rose double (20 à 40 pétales)
Rose très double (pétales organisés en quartiers)
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